Introduction
Electric vehicles have come a long way since General Motors produced the first modern electric automobile in 1996. With the recent introduction of the Chevrolet Volt and the Nissan Leaf, manufacturers of electric vehicles have made great strides in terms of technology and consumer acceptance.New generation electric and hybrid-electric vehicles present significant challenges to automotive engineers. The complex multidomain systems involved in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles are modeled in a single environment, so design and optimization can be done at the system level.